The successive regimes of Iraq, in order to confront the Kurdish revolution, resorted from the very beginning to the art of making Kurds fight Kurds. Obviously, the outcome of this, to a large extent, in terms of authority and strengthening their position, falls into the mold of benefiting the Iraqi regime, which was the arming of the tribes so that they could resist the Kurdish revolution as a fighting force parallel to the Iraqi army. In addition to that, it created seeds of discord and hostility and the emergence of social problems between the tribes and the classes and segments of Kurdistan society. Of course, this position ended to the detriment of the Kurds and the benefit of the government, and undoubtedly this falls into the framework of the divide and rule policy. Obviously, these gunmen were organized on the basis of groups and light battalions, which were called by the government the Salahaddin Cavalry, but they were known by the revolution and the Peshmerga as (Jash) because they faithfully served the successive regimes of Iraq alongside the government's military forces, so the Peshmerga forces confronted them and repelled their attacks and assaults.          

       One of the attacks that the Peshmerga forces carried out to repel the position of the mercenaries (Jash) was the Bakrman battle, which was one of the guerrilla activities of the Peshmerga forces. It took place on the evening of March 29, 1983 in the Sharman and Bakrman area, where a Peshmerga force belonging to the Amedi, Akre, and Sheikhan area committees and a force belonging to the leadership attacked several positions of the mercenaries (Jash). The attack lasted for two hours, and during those two hours, the Peshmerga forces were able to hit the target as they had planned. As a result, heavy losses were inflicted on the mercenaries. On the side of the revolution forces, a Peshmerga named Shaban Ghafar Bedohi and four other Peshmerga were martyred.   

Sources.    

  1. Masoud Barzani: Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, Volume Four, 1975-1990 Gulan Revolution, Part Two, First Edition, Roxana Printing House, 2021.

  2. Hozhin Masoud Sarni: The September Revolution in the Badinan Region 1961- 1975, First Edition, 2018.

  3. Mohannad Ali Farhan Al-Jubouri: Barzan Tribes and Their Role in Iraq (1903-11958), First Edition, Daneshfar Printing House - 2023.

  4. Haji Mirxan Dolamari: Searching for Justice, Second Edition, Isra Printing House, - Tehran, 2021.