Biography

Mustafa Muhammad Abdulrahman Hussein Agha was born, known as Mustafa Qardaghi, Mustafa Hama Agha Awrahman Agha, Salar, Salar Mustafa Qardaghi in the city of Sulaymaniyah in Year 1921, his family later moved to the city of Qaladiza, the capital of the Baban Emirate, they were granted the rule of the Qardagh region by the Baban Emirs, he completed his primary and intermediate stages in Qardagh, passed the preparatory stage in the city of Sulaymaniyah in Year 1943, he was appointed in Year 1944 as an employee on a (contract) basis in the Sulaymaniyah Agriculture Department, he was accepted in Year 1945 into the College of Law at the University of Baghdad, but he left his studies early, he headed in Year 1946 for the purpose of study to the Lebanese capital Beirut, and he also went to the United States of America to study in Year 1947, he obtained a Master's degree in the Department of Economics from the University of Berkeley in San Francisco (State of California) in the United States of America, and he also obtained a Master's degree in Sociology from the University of San Francisco (State of California) in the United States of America  

He left the United States of America in Year 1956 and returned to the homeland, he was appointed as a lecturer at the Baghdad Commerce Preparatory School, and he was also appointed as an English language teacher at the Sulaymaniyah Secondary School in Year 1957, he printed the book How Language Was Created under the pseudonym (Salar) in Year 1958, and he also authored a play under the pseudonym (Salar Mustafa Qardaghi, he was elected as a member of the General Body of the Al-Nasr Club in the city of Baghdad on the date of 16 January 1959, he took refuge in Year 1973 in the Romanian Republic and resided there, he passed away in the city of Washington on 8 April Year 2004, his body was returned to southern Kurdistan and he was buried on 16 April 2004 based on his will in the cemetery of the village of Kurdi Kumez in the Qardagh region in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, he was fluent in the languages (Kurdish, Arabic and English).

Struggle Pages

He joined the ranks of the Kurdish Revival Society in Year 1945, joined the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Year 1946, and in Year 1953 he became associated with the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union and the Kurdistan Students Union, he was appointed by royal decree as a teacher for the secondary stage, he participated on 10-16 August 1956 in the First Congress of the Kurdish Students Association in Europe (K.S.S.E) in the city of Wiesbaden in the Federal Republic of Germany, he was appointed in Year 1959 in the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs as First Secretary and as Director of the Foreign Relations Division, he was in Year 1959 a member of the editorial board of Newroz magazine, he became a Delegate to the Fifth Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Year 1960, he printed two books in the city of Baghdad in Year 1960 under the titles (Some Cognitive Theories) and (Mir Kajan) under the pseudonym (Mcha), he began in Year 1960 as Second Secretary at the Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in the city of Lagos, he was appointed as Consul of the Republic of Iraq in the Czechoslovak Republic, he became associated with the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union, he held in Year 1962 the position of First Secretary of the Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Laos, he was Secretary of the Embassy of the Republic of Iraq in Nigeria in Year 1962, he joined in Year 1962 the ranks of the Peshmerga Forces by order of the leader Mustafa Barzani, he brought a radio device for Aylul Revolution via Iran in Year 1962, he held in Year 1963 during Aylul Revolution the position of Deputy Commander of the First Battalion in Chami Rezan, he was known by the Iraqi Army by the name (Abu Jafna), he conducted in Year 1963 a press interview with the journalist David Adamson from the British newspaper Sunday Telegraph, he was in Year 1963 a member of the Kurdish delegation that visited the President of the Republic of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970), he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party at the Sixth Congress of the party as a candidate by the leader Mustafa Barzani, he became in Year 1964 a member of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq, and he also held the position of first Secretary of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq in Year 1964, he became in Year 1964 a member of the Constitutional Committee affiliated with the Executive Bureau, he became Secretary of the Executive Bureau of the Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan of Iraq in Year 1965, he was wounded in Year 1965 with serious injuries by mistake by one of the Peshmerga of the Iraqi Communist Party in the Pawe Khoshin region affiliated with the Darbandikhan District in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, in the middle of Year 1966 all his ranks and positions were withdrawn by the Central Committee and he was frozen in the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the future of his political work was presented to the 7th Congress of the party, he began in Year 1967 as Chief Observer in the Iraqi Ministry of Trade, he returned to service with the rank of Chargé d'Affaires at the Iraqi Embassy in the city of Jakarta, he was appointed on the date of 1 November 1972 with the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary at the Iraqi Embassy in the city of Jakarta, he was appointed in Year 1972 as Ambassador of Iraq in Paris, but his appointment order was cancelled, the Iraqi intelligence service tried to assassinate him in the years 1975 and 1976 but he survived the attempt, he headed to the United States in Year 1978, he was in Year 1989 one of the founders of the Kurdish Human Rights Organization in the United States of America.           

Among his works:

  1. Zaban Chon Payda Bwa? - 1958.

  2. Awat - 1958.

  3. Mir Kajan - 1960, (Translation).

  4. Chand Theory-eki Zanyari - 1960.

  5. Kurdistan Times - 1990.

Sources:

  1. A.D.A, File Number FB-32, Transcript of an interview with Muhammad Abdulrahman Muhammad known as Muhammad Qardaghi by Fuad Rawand, Sulaymaniyah, 9 June 2017 AD, pp. 1-4.

  2. Nariman, Kurdish Library, (Kirkuk - Kirkuk Municipality Press - 1960 AD), p. 55.

  3. Awrahman Haji Marf, Source Guide on the Kurdish Language, (Baghdad - Ministry of Culture and Information - Kurdish Cultural and Publishing Agency - 1989 AD), p. 87.

  4. Dark Kenan, Kurd and Kurdistan, translated by Javad Hatefi, (Tehran - Ataei Publishing Institute - Mohammad Ali Elmi Press - 1348 AH), p. 76.

  5. Mustafa Nariman, Dictionary of Kurdish Adibs and Writers, (Baghdad - General Secretariat of Culture and Youth - Asaad Press - 1986 AD), p. 59.

  6. Abdul-Fattah Ali Al-Butani, Studies and Research in the History of the Kurds and Contemporary Iraq, (Erbil - Spirez House for Printing and Publishing - Haji Hashim Press - 2007 AD), pp. 289, 291.

  7. Jamal Nabaz, Memoirs of Those Days That Will Never Return, (Sulaymaniyah - Shvan Press - 2017 AD), pp. 128-129.

  8. Mustafa Nariman, Bibliography of Two Hundred Years of Kurdish Books 1787-1986, (Baghdad - Ministry of Culture and Information - Kurdish Cultural and Publishing Agency - (Al-Zaman) Press - 1988 AD), pp. 60, 177, 211, 257, 373.

  9. Mustafa Sayyid Ahmad, Bibliography of Kurdish Books 1787-1975, (Baghdad - Kurdish Scientific Academy - Kurdish Scientific Academy Press - 1977 AD), pp. 103-104.

  10. Royal Decrees, Number 357, Al-Waqae Al-Iraqiya Newspaper, Directorate of Guidance and General Broadcasting in Iraq, Issue 3650, Thirty-third Year, Baghdad, Saturday, 25 June 1955 AD, p. 3.

  11. Ali Jaafar, Kurds of the Diaspora, The Kurdish Students Association in Europe, Part One, Second Edition, (Istanbul - Khani Publishing House - 2019 AD), p. 210.

  12. Arif Rushdi, The Kurdish Students Association in Europe between the years 1956 - 1975, Hawler Newspaper, Issue 3254, Erbil, Thursday, January 30, 2020 AD, p. 6.

  13. Mam Jalal, How did I know Hassan Zirak and how did I take him to the Kurdish Radio in Baghdad?, Khak Magazine, Issue 41, Fourth Year, Sulaymaniyah, Diler Offset Printing Press, November 10, 2000 AD, p. 18.

  14. Ahmed Bani Khilani, My Memoirs, (Baghdad - Al-Ruwad Al-Mazdahira House for Printing, Publishing and Advertising - 1995 AD), p. 180.

  15. Mr. Safin Rashid Sindi: The Human Rights Watch Organization in Kurdistan is a bridge between Kurdistan and the Kurdish community in America, Gulan Magazine, Gulan Cultural and Media Institution, Issue 276, Erbil, Ministry of Culture Printing Press, April 27, 2000 AD, p. 21.

  16. Bwar Nuredin, Kurds and Kurdistan, Bibliography and Index in Kurdish Books, Volume Seven, (Tehran - Tehran Printing Press - 2016 AD), p. 20.

  17. Habib Muhammad Karim, History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq (In Key Stations) 1946 - 1993, (Duhok - Khabat Printing Press - 1998 AD), pp. 92, 104 - 105. 

  18. David Adamson, The Kurdish Struggle, translated by Javad Hatefi, (Tehran - Ataei Publishing Institution - Mohammad Ali Elmi Printing Press - 1348 AH), pp. 154 - 156, 164 - 167, 169 - 170.

  19. Salar, How did language originate?, (Sulaymaniyah - Kamaran Printing Press - 1958 AD), pp. 1 - 38. 

  20. Shakib Aqrawi, Years of Ordeal in Kurdistan, The Most Important Political and Military Events in Kurdistan and Iraq from 1958 to 1980, Second Edition, (Erbil - Manara Printing Press - 2007 AD), p. 157.

  21. Shaaban Ali Shaaban, Some Political and Historical Information, Third Edition, (Erbil - Rojhalat Printing Press - 2013 AD), p. 113.

  22. Shirzad Zakaria Muhammad, The Revolutionary Command Council in Kurdistan - Iraq 1964 - 1970, A General Political Historical Study, (Duhok - University of Duhok - Center for Kurdish Studies and Document Preservation - 2010 AD), p. 80.

  23. Ismet Cheriff Vanly, Iraqi Kurdistan, A National Identity (A Study of the 1961 Revolution), translated by Suad Muhammad Khader, (Sulaymaniyah - Jin Institution - Shvan Printing Press - 2012 AD), p. 316.

  24. Ali Sinjari, The Kurdish Issue and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Iraq, Part Three, (Duhok - Khani Printing Press - 2012 AD), p. 334.

  25. Ali Sinjari, The Truth of the September 11, 1961 Revolution March, (Duhok - Khani Printing Press - 2013 AD), p. 292.

  26. Republican Decree No. 474, Al-Waqae Al-Iraqiya Newspaper, Ministry of Information in Iraq, Issue 2198, Fifteenth Year, Baghdad, Monday, November 13, 1972 AD, p. 2.

  27. Najm al-Din al-Yusufi, The Glorious September Revolution, (Duhok - The First Branch of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Unified - College of Sharia Printing Press - 1995 AD), p. 21.

  28. Newroz, Newroz Magazine, First Issue, First Year, Sulaymaniyah, Kamaran Printing Press, Newroz 1959 AD, p. 121.

  29. Election of the Sarkawtin Club, Hiwa Magazine, Sarkawtin Club, Issues 6 and 7, Second Year, Baghdad, Al-Najah Printing Press, January 1959 AD, p. 102.