Xesrew Tofîq Fethula, an economist and politician known by the name Nebez. In the year 1948, he was the head of the organizations of the Iraqi Communist Party. In the year 1955, he was a member of the leadership of the Iraqi Communist Party in the city of Sulaymaniyah. In the year 1956, during the second unification, he became a member of the central committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the year 1959, due to extremism, he was removed from the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party by the congress delegates at the fourth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq.
Biography
Xesrew Tofîq Fethula was born in the year 1930 in the city of Sulaymaniyah, brother of the engineer Dara Tofîq Fethula ( 1932 - 1980 ) who was a member of the central committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the year 1948, he was a student at the Higher Teachers' College in Baghdad, but he did not complete his studies due to his involvement in political activities. In the year 1949, he was admitted to the College of Commerce in Baghdad and received a bachelor's degree in economics and commerce. In the years ( 1960 - 1962 ), he was the director of accounting at the Ministry of Planning of the Republic of Iraq. In the year 1961, he was imprisoned by the authorities of the Republic of Iraq due to political activities. In the year 1970, he was the director general of planning and follow-up at the Ministry of Northern Affairs in the Iraqi Government. In the year 1971, he was the director general of the Tobacco Monopoly Department of the Republic of Iraq in the city of Baghdad. He passed away on Wednesday, August 11, 2004, in the city of Baghdad and was buried there. He was proficient in both the Kurdish and Arabic languages.
Work History
Xesrew Tofîq Fethula, in the year 1956, along with a group of members of the Iraqi Communist Party, established contact with the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the year 1956, during the second unification, he became a member of the central committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the years ( 1957 - 1958 ), he was the head of the first branch committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the year 1957, during the third unification, he became a member of the central committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and in the year 1959, he became the holder of the license for the Kurdish-language newspaper Birayetî.
On March 8, 1959, during the rebellion of Colonel Abdulwahab Shawaf ( 1916 - 1959 ) against Brigadier General Abdul Karim Qasim ( 1914 - 1963 ), he led the demonstrations in the towns of Zakho and Dohuk and commanded an armed force of supporters of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and launched attacks towards the city of Mosul.
On June 30, 1959, at the second Baghdad conference, due to extremism, he was removed from the leadership level until the fourth congress, and in the same year, due to extremism at the fourth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq, he was removed from the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party by the congress delegates.
After his imprisonment in the year 1963 and upon the requests of his brother Dara Tofîq ( 1932 - 1980 ) to President Mustafa Barzani ( 1903 - 1979 ), a request for his release was made, and Abdul Salam Muhammad Arif ( 1921 - 1966 ), Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq, released him.
In the year 1974, he joined the ranks of the September Revolution and was appointed as the Deputy Secretary General of Finance. In the year 1975, after the defeat of the September Revolution, he went into exile, but he soon returned to South Kurdistan and engaged in private work in Baghdad.
On Wednesday, August 11, 2004, he passed away in the city of Baghdad and was buried there. He was proficient in both the Kurdish and Arabic languages.
References:1- Archive of the Encyclopedia Board of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.
Chris Kutschera, The Kurdish Movement, translated by Ibrahim Yunisi, second edition, ( Tehran - Negah Publishing Institute 1377 ).
2- Mahdi Muhammad Qadir, Political Developments in Iraqi Kurdistan 1945 - 1958 ( Sulaymaniyah - Kurdistan Center for Strategic Studies 2005 ).
3- Jerjis Fatah Alle Al-Muhami, Iraq in the Era of Qasim and Others 1958 - 1988, part two, ( Sweden - Dar Nebez for Printing and Publishing 1989 ).
4- Habib Muhammad Karim, History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq (In Key Stations) 1946 - 1993 ( Dohuk - Xebat Press 1998 ).
5- The Comrade Ali Sinjari speaks about memories and thoughts on the Kurdish liberation movement during 30 years of struggle, Al-Shaliya Newspaper, mouthpiece of the Kurdistan Democratic Union - Iraq, issue 5, mid-February 1984.
6- Martyr Dara Tofîq, Kurdistanî Niwê newspaper, organ of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, number 7847, twenty-eighth year, Sulaymaniyah, Thursday, April 25, 2019.
7- Abdalfetah Ali al-Botani, Badinan Region 1925 - 1970 A Study in Events and Political Developments, part one, ( Erbil - The Kurdish Academy 2017 ).
8- Farhad Awni, How did the fighting resume in Kurdistan in the spring of the year? 1974, Gulan Al-Arabi magazine, Gulan Media Foundation, issue 28 Erbil, September 25, 1998.
9- Farhad Awni, In the last page of the great September revolution, Gulan Al-Arabi magazine, issue 28, Erbil, Ministry of Culture Press September 22, 1998.
10- Farhad Awni, "The man with high intellectual, national, and humanitarian values, Xesrew Tofîq, whom the people did not know as he was", K21 magazine, number 7 Erbil, 2010.
11- Fuad Sadiq, The Storm of Politics, ( Erbil - Ministry of Culture - General Directorate of Printing and Publishing - Culture Press 2006 ).
12- Mustafa Saleh Karim, References of Heroes ... And the Testimony follows, Al-Itihad newspaper, the central newspaper of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, issue 323, eighth year, Sulaymaniyah, Friday, June 18, 1999.