Biography

Abdul-Samad Muhammad Abdul-Rahman Ibrahim, known as Abdul-Samad Bana and Abdul-Samad Manjal, was born on March 11, 1913, in the city of Koya, Erbil Governorate. He completed his primary, intermediate, and preparatory education in that city.

In 1934, he was appointed as an official in the Sharia Court of Rusafa in the city of Baghdad. He passed away on February 11, 1968, in the city of Baghdad, and was buried on February 12, 1968, in the Kakon cemetery in the town of Koya. He was proficient in Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and English.

Struggle History

In 1932, he engaged in political work with the officials of the (Al-Ahali) newspaper, which was printed on January 2, 1932, in the city of Baghdad and was considered the only opposition newspaper that communists such as Yusuf Salman (1901-1949), known as Fahd, the Secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party, worked for. In 1933, he was one of the founders of the Youth Association, known as the Intellectuals Association, in the town of Koya, Erbil Governorate. In 1933, he was one of the founders of the Kurdish Youth Memorial Association in the city of Baghdad. In 1934, he joined the Iraqi Communist Party and supported the recognition of the Kurds as a nation and the right to the independence of Kurdistan. In 1935, he joined the ranks of the (Al-Ahali) association. During his struggle in the ranks of the Kurdish Hiwa Party, he published a Kurdish publication called Blise (Flame) in the town of Koya. In 1941, he was imprisoned due to political activity and dismissed from his job. In early 1942, he wrote article translations to support the women's movement for the Kurdish-language magazine Gelawej, printed in Baghdad.

 In 1946, he was one of the officials of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. In 1946, some of the publications of the Kurdistan Democratic Party were in his handwriting. During the years (1947-1958), he was busy collecting material aid from the Faili merchants of Baghdad for the imprisoned Barzanis. On June 18, 1947, through Muhammad-Said Mirza Majid Haj Ahmad (1904-1959), known as Said Qazzaz, he was granted permission as a legal writer on the last night of the lives of the four martyr officers - Izzat Abdul-Aziz Abdul-Latif (1912-1947), known as Izzat Katani, Mustafa Mustafa (1912-1947), known as Mustafa Khoshnaw, Khayrollah Abdul-Karim Abdullah (1912-1947), known as Khayrollah Gurjizadeh, and Muhammad Mahmud Muhammad (1922-1947), known as Muhammad Mahmud Qudsi to write down their final will in his own handwriting. On June 19, 1947, he received the bodies of the four martyr officers from the Baghdad Forensic Medicine and sent them to their respective locations.

During the years (1947-1949), he was exiled to the sub-district of Hit, Anbar Governorate, in western Iraq. He participated in the demonstrations of January 27 to 29, 1948, in the city of Baghdad against the Iraqi royal regime. During the years (1949-1958), he was exiled to the Za'faraniya farm (Muzra'at al-Za'faraniya) near the city of Baghdad. In 1953, he was the head of the media for Masud Muhammad's election campaign for the Iraqi Chamber of Deputies. In 1958, he was a member of the delegation welcoming President Mustafa Barzani (1903-1979) at Muthanna Airport in the city of Baghdad upon his return from exile. In 1959, he was a representative at the Second Baghdad Conference. In 1959, he was a representative of the Fourth Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq. On Saturday, January 8, 1960, he was a member of the fifty-person committee supporting the founders of the open phase of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1960, he was a representative of the Fifth Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the city of Baghdad. In the Year 1961, his house was the first hideout for the lawyer Omar Mustafa Muhammad-Amin (1923-1992), known as Omar Dababa, a member of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, who had escaped from prison. 

In 1963, he was imprisoned and tortured by the National Guard (Al-Haras al-Qawmi) and was later released. In 1963, he was a representative of the First People's Congress (Koya Congress). In 1963, he was a member of the negotiating delegation of the Kurdistan Democratic Party with the Iraqi government. He arrived in the city of Baghdad on March 30, 1963, and on June 9, 1963, he was imprisoned and tortured by the Iraqi government's intelligence. In the Year 1964, after negotiations between the leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and Abdul-Salam Muhammad Arif (1921-1966), the President of Iraq, he was released. On June 17, 1965, he was appointed as Inspector General for Northern Affairs.

Sources:

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  2. Aziz Hassan al-Barzani, The Kurdish National Liberation Movement in Iraqi Kurdistan 1939-1945, (Duhok - Dar Spirez for Printing and Publishing - Ministry of Education Press - 2002), p. 96.

  3. Hamid Gawhari, The Barzani Medal is the Highest Honor Award, Book One, Second Edition, (Erbil - Barzani Charity Foundation - 2019), p. 278.

  4. Paul Ernst, Interview with a Famous German Poet, translated by Abdul-Samad Haji Muhammad, Gelawej Magazine, Issues 3 and 4, Year 3, Baghdad, Ma'arif Press, March and April 1942, pp. 66-71.

  5. Mahdi Muhammad Qadir, Political Developments in Iraqi Kurdistan 1945-1958, (Sulaymaniyah - Kurdistan Center for Strategic Studies - 2005), pp. 92, 101, 122-123, 126.

  6. Shwan Muhammad-Amin Taha Khoshnaw, Erbil Between the Years 1963-1970, A Historical Study of the Political Situation, (Erbil - Salahaddin University Press - 2016), pp. 88, 114.

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  15. Ali Abdullah, History of Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq until the convening of the Third Congress, (No location - September 1968 AD), p. 63. 

  16. Abdulkhaliq Alaaddin, Koya ... Its Notables, (Erbil - Minara Press - 2014 AD), pp. 195 - 198.

  17. Fuad Hussein Al-Wakil, The Ahali Group in Iraq, (Baghdad - Al-Rashid House for Publishing - 1979 AD), pp. 104 - 105, 111 - 114, 186 - 189.

  18. Mahmoud Al-Durra, The Kurdish Question and Arab Nationalism in the Battle of Iraq, (Beirut - Dar Al-Tali'a Publications - 1963 AD), p. 181.

  19. Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement, Volume One, Second Edition, (Beirut - Kawa for Kurdish Culture - 1997 AD), p. 217.

  20. Mahdi Muhammad Qadir, Erbil in the Years 1926 - 1939, (Erbil - Kurdish Academy - Haji Hashim Press - 2013 AD), p. 281.