Jalal Hisamadin Nureddin Ghafur, known as Mam Jalal, joined the ranks of the Party in 1947, became a member of the Party's Central Committee in 1953, was a founding member of the Kurdistan Students Union in 1953, was a member of the preparatory committee for the first congress of the Kurdistan Students Union in the city of Baghdad in 1953, became the Secretary of that Union in the same year, joined the Peshmerga forces in 1961, and was elected President of Iraq by the Parliament of Iraq in 2004.

Biography

Jalal Hisamadin Nureddin Ghafur, known as Mam Jalal, was born in 1933 in the city of Koya, Erbil Governorate. He is from the family of the sheikhs of the Qadiri Talabani order and belongs to the Zangana Feyli tribe, whose ancestors migrated from Kermanshah in Eastern Kurdistan to Southern Kurdistan at the end of the Safavid era. He completed his primary and middle school stages in the town of Koya, Erbil Governorate, and his high school stage in the city of Kirkuk. He began his studies in the first year of middle school in the town of Koya in 1948, completed the middle school stage in the city of Koya in 1950, was admitted to the fourth year of high school in a high school in the city of Erbil in 1951, completed the fifth year of high school in the scientific department in the city of Kirkuk in 1952, was admitted to the Law Department at the College of Law of the University of Baghdad in 1952, completed his degree at the College of Law at the University of Baghdad in 1959 after an interruption in his studies due to political work, and was engaged in legal practice in Kirkuk Governorate in 1960. In 1967 he married Hero Ibrahim Ahmad and held his wedding in 1970.

On 17 December 2012 he suddenly fell ill and was sent to the Charité hospital in Berlin. On 24 September 2012 he signed an agreement with Nawshirwan Mustafa (1944-2017), the General Coordinator of the Gorran Movement, with the intention of suspending the vote on the Kurdistan Region Constitution. On 19 July 2014 he was returned to the city of Sulaymaniyah and distanced himself from all administrative and political work. On 29 September 2015 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by the University of Koya. On Tuesday, 3 October 2017 he passed away due to illness in one of the hospitals in Berlin, and on this occasion, President Masoud Barzani the President of the Kurdistan Region, declared one week of mourning in the Kurdistan Region. On 6 October 2017 his body arrived back in the city of Sulaymaniyah via Sulaymaniyah Airport in the presence of the Honorable Masoud Barzani the President of the Kurdistan Region, and draped in the Kurdistan flag, and he was laid to rest on Dabashan Hill in the city of Sulaymaniyah. He was proficient in the Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, and English languages. 

Struggle History

In 1946 he was a supporter of the Iraqi Communist Party and was invited to join the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party through the lawyer Omar Mustafa Muhammad Amin (1923-1992), known as Omar Dababa, and was organized into a cell. In 1947, with the encouragement and support of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, he was among the founders of the Literacy Advancement Association (K.P.X). In 1947 he achieved first place at the Erbil Governorate level during his primary stage. On 21 March 1947 in the town of Koya, he played the role of Kawa's son in the play (Zuhak). In 1947 he joined the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and began his political activities under the secret names Agir and Polu, and published short articles in the Rizgari newspaper, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, under the name Agir. 

In 1949 he was a member of the Koya District Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1950 he was a member of the Erbil District Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1951 he was exiled for a period to the city of Mosul by the authorities of the Kingdom of Iraq due to his political activities. In 1951 he was a representative at the Second Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the city of Baghdad. He participated in the demonstration of 20 November 1952 in the city of Erbil and was arrested by the police one day later. In 1953 he was elected by the congress representatives as a member of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq at the Third Congress. In 1953 he was a founding member of the Kurdistan Students Union in the city of Baghdad. In 1953 he was a member of the preparatory committee for the first congress of the Kurdistan Students Union in the city of Baghdad. In 1953 he was elected by the congress representatives as the Secretary of the Kurdistan Students Union at the first congress. In 1953 he was a founding member of the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union. In 1953 he became the President of the Kurdistan Democratic Youth Union at the first congress. In 1953 under the presidency of the lawyer Ibrahim Ahmad Fatah (1914-2000) and the friendship of Habib Muhammad Karim (1931-2013), known as Habib Fayli, was a member of the committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq for reconciling the three factions of the Iraqi Communist Party (Al-Qa'ida - Rayat al-Shaghila - Wahdat al-Shuyu'iyin) and uniting them, in which they succeeded. In 1954 he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq. In 1954 he was detained for a short period by the secret police of the Kingdom of Iraq. On 20 March 1954 he participated in the Newroz celebration in the city of Erbil and on behalf of the students of the Law Department of the College of Law of Baghdad, he read a speech to the public in Arabic. In 1954 he was known by the secret name Awla among the organizations of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq in Ranya, affiliated with Sulaymaniyah Governorate. In 1955 he was elected as Secretary of the Kurdistan Students Union (Second Congress). In 1955 together with engineer Nuri Sadiq Ali (1922-1983), known as Nuri Shaways, on behalf of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq, they addressed a letter of protest regarding the actions of the Iraqi Communist Party to the Communist Party of Great Britain. On 31 July 1955 he was the representative of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq at the World Youth Congress in the city of Warsaw, the capital of the Republic of Poland. In 1956 he was elected as President of the Kurdistan Students Union. In 1956 he became a member of the Political Bureau of the United Kurdistan Democratic Party (Second Union). In 1957 he became a member of the Political Bureau of the United Kurdistan Democratic Party (Third Union). In 1957 he participated in the World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow and met with General Mustafa Barzani (1903-1979), in 1957 in the city of Damascus he participated in the founding of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Syria and was their point of contact with the United Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1957 in the city of Damascus he met with Michel Aflaq, the leader of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, Akram al-Hawrani, one of the founders of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and Abdul Hamid al-Sarraj (1925-2013), Vice President of the United Arab Republic, and regarding his meeting with President Mustafa Barzani in the city of Moscow and also his meeting with President Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970) they discussed, on 3 November 1958 in the People's Hall in the city of Baghdad he was the presenter of the welcome ceremony for the return of General Mustafa Barzani from the Soviet Union to the homeland, he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine Rizgari, of which only two issues were printed at the beginning of 1959. 

In 1959 he was a member of the joint committee of the United Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Iraqi Communist Party for coordination and joint cooperation. On 21 March 1959 at the Newroz celebration in the town of Khanaqin, affiliated with Diyala Governorate, he delivered a speech to the public on behalf of the United Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1959 he was the representative of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq at the Iraqi Journalists Syndicate Congress. In 1959 he was elected by the congress representatives as a member of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq (Fourth Congress). In 1959 he wrote articles under the name Pirot in the newspaper Khabat, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq. On 16 February 1960 he graduated from the fourteenth session of the Reserve Military College in the city of Baghdad with the rank of Reserve Second Lieutenant and served in the Fourth Tank Battalion in the Iraqi Army. In 1960 he was elected by the congress representatives as a member of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (Fifth Congress). In 1960 in the first meeting of the Central Committee he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1960 he became the head of the Fourth Branch Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1960 he conducted a political awareness course for the cadres of the Fourth Branch Committee. In 1961 he participated in the meeting of the leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party for the purpose of evaluating the latest situation and voted for the outbreak of the revolution. In 1961 accompanied by lawyer Omar Mustafa Muhammad Amin (1923-1992), known as Omar Dababa, he visited the village of Barzan, affiliated with Erbil Governorate, and met with President Mustafa Barzani for the purpose of knowing his opinion on the outbreak of the revolution. In the month of September 1961 he visited the rebellious tribes of the Pshdar region for the purpose of preparation for the nationwide revolution. On 6 September 1961 he supervised the general strike in the city of Sulaymaniyah for the demand of Kurdish rights as stated in the interim constitution of the Republic of Iraq.

In 1961 he joined the Peshmerga forces and was one of the commanders. From the days of 18 to 23 December 1961 in the village of Awallan, affiliated with Sulaymaniyah Governorate, he participated in the meeting of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party to continue the Aylul Revolution and voted yes. In the Newroz of 1962 he took over the command of the liberation of the Sharbazher region in the border of Sulaymaniyah Governorate. In 1962 he was appointed as the commander of the First Sector of the Peshmerga forces of the Aylul Revolution whose headquarters was in Chami Rezan, affiliated with Sulaymaniyah Governorate. In 1963 he was the commander of the Rizgari Force. In the middle of 1963 his parents' house in the town of Koya was burned down by the (National Guard) affiliated with the Ba'ath Party. In 1963 he commanded the Battle of Chami Rezan in the border of Sulaymaniyah Governorate against the ground forces of the Iraqi Army and retreated under the pressure of the superiority of the Iraqi Army. At the end of December 1963 he participated in the broad meeting for the establishment of the Revolutionary Command Council in the town of Ranya, affiliated with Sulaymaniyah Governorate, which was not successful.

In 1963 at the First People's Congress (Koya Congress) he was appointed by President Mustafa Barzani as Deputy President for this congress. On 18 February 1963 he was the head of the negotiating delegation of the First People's Congress (Koya Congress) to the city of Baghdad to discuss Kurdish rights with the Iraqi government. In 1963 he was a candidate of President Mustafa Barzani for a ministerial post in Iraq.

In the year 1964 he joined the Political Bureau faction and in the sixth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party he was removed from the ranks of the party by the majority of the representatives. In the year 1964 he headed to the Country of Iran and resided there until the year 1965, in the month of April of the year 1965 he conducted an interview with the (BBC) radio and television agency which was broadcast, in the middle of the month of July of the year 1965 after the pardon of the Political Bureau faction by President Mustafa Barzani he left the Country of Iran and resided in the liberated areas of the Aylul Revolution In the month of January 1966 a delegation of the Iraqi Communist Party visited him and his comrades in the Political Bureau faction of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in Dolaraqa on the border of Sulaymaniyah Governorate and informed them that their secret relationship with the government of Iraq is not hidden and causes harm to the interests of the Kurds and the revolution, but they insisted on their relationships.

On the 28 of January 1966 he left the liberated areas of Dolaraqa and headed to the City of Baghdad and against the Aylul Revolution he cooperated with the government of Iraq, in the middle of the month of May of the year 1966 he supervised the armed forces of the group of Ibrahim Ahmad - Jalal Talabani who had been armed by the Iraqi army and attacked the positions of the Peshmerga of the Aylul Revolution on the border of Sulaymaniyah Governorate which was successful at the beginning of that attack and later defeated, on Sunday the 19 of June 1966 in the City of Baghdad he met with Dr. Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz (1914-1973) the Prime Minister of Iraq for the purpose of cooperating with the Iraqi army against the Peshmerga forces of the Aylul Revolution, on Sunday the 19 of June 1966 in the City of Baghdad he met with Lieutenant General Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Arif (1916-2007) the President of Iraq for the purpose of cooperating with the Iraqi army against the Peshmerga forces of the Aylul Revolution, in the 28 of August 1966 in the village of Timar (Garmian) he participated in the first gathering of the opponents of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, in the year 1966 in the village of Kalosh he met with Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarrai (1935-1979).

On the 28 of March 1970 Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr (1914-1983) the President of Iraq announced his complete withdrawal of support for the group of Ibrahim Ahmad - Jalal Talabani and the disarming of their supporters, on the 7 of August 1970 accompanied by Ismail Aziz Mustafa (1938-2017) Known as Sheikh Ismail Mullah Aziz, the deputy head of the Fifth Branch Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, for the purpose of re-joining the ranks of the party he visited President Mustafa Barzani at the summer headquarters in Haji Omaran in Erbil Governorate and accused Fakhir Hama Salih (1937-1975) Known as Fakhir Mergasori of treason.

In the year 1970 as a representative of President Mustafa Barzani he participated in the fortieth day memorial of the passing of Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-1970) and was received by Anwar Sadat (1918-1981) the President of Egypt, on the 10 of February 1971 he returned to the ranks of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, in the year 1972 in the City of Beirut he was the deputy head of the relations of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, in the year 1975 he held a meeting with Anwar Sadat.

On the 22 of May 1975 with the cooperation of Dr. Fuad Masum and Adil Murad (1949-2018) Known as Adil Fayli and Abd al-Razzaq Aziz Mirza (1945-2018) Known as Abd al-Razzaq Fayli they wrote and printed the first statement of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, on the 1 of June 1975 together with Dr. Fuad Masum, Adil Fayli and Abd al-Razzaq Fayli they founded the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, in the year 1975 after the collapse of the Aylul Revolution he secretly and at the request of the authorities of the Soviet Union visited the City of Moscow and discussed the ignition of the revolution, on the days of 27 to 31 of August 1975 in the City of West Berlin he participated in the seventeenth congress of the Kurdish Students Association in Europe and became the cause of the split of this association.

 In the middle of the month of December of the year 1976 in the City of Damascus he held a meeting with Masoud Barzani and they agreed on coordination and cooperation, on the 20 of July 1977 he returned to Southern Kurdistan for the purpose of developing armed struggle, on the 31 of August 1977 he participated in the first meeting of the leadership of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in Dolakosti at the international border triangle (Iraq - Turkey - Iran) in Erbil Governorate for the purpose of distributing positions and in that meeting he was elected as the Secretary General of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, in the year 1978 with the cooperation of the Iranian SAVAK agency (Organization of Intelligence and National Security) he moved his forces from the land of Iran to the border of the Republic of Turkey in preparation for the Hakkari war against the forces of the Provisional Leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Badinan region and Northern Kurdistan, in the year 1978 he participated in the Bakhaliski meeting on the border of Sulaymaniyah Governorate for the purpose of discussing the results of the Hakkari war and the destruction of most of the forces of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan at the hands of the forces of the Provisional Leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, in the year 1978 in the meeting of Darawi Gurgan on Qandil Mountain on the border of Sulaymaniyah Governorate he was against negotiations with the government of Iraq, in the year 1979 he provided weapons to the Iraqi Communist Party, in the year 1979 in the village of Niuzangi in Sulaymaniyah Governorate he held a meeting with Ahmad Banikhalani, a member of the Political Bureau of the Iraqi Communist Party, for the purpose of resolving the problems between the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.

On 13 October 1982 in the village of Gorashir in the border area of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, for the purpose of negotiation, he met with Colonel Staff Khalil Muhammad Shakir, known as Abu Ahmed, Deputy of the Iraqi Intelligence Agency. In the year 1982 he was the president and founder of the Kurdistan Revolutionaries Union. In the year 1984 he engaged in negotiations with the Iraqi regime and Saddam Hussein (1937–2006) and for a period of two years he ceased armed struggle. In the year 1985 he addressed a letter to the Grand Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri, Deputy of the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, for the purpose of joint cooperation. On 11 October 1986 he cooperated with the Iranian Revolutionary Guard in the (Fath-1) operation to strike the Iraqi military base and the oil facilities of Kirkuk.

  On 8 November 1986 in the city of Tehran, the capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran, he signed a peace agreement with Idris Mustafa Sheikh Muhammad (1944–1987), known as Idris Barzani, a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In the month of April 1986 he signed a joint agreement with the Iraqi Communist Party. 

On 19 June 1992 he was elected as a member of the General Body of the Iraqi National Congress (Vienna Conference). In the year 1992 in the election for the leader of the Kurdish liberation movement, he came in second place after President Masoud Barzani and with 441057 votes he was not successful. On Saturday, 3 April 1993 accompanied by President Masoud Barzani at the Presidential Palace of Turkey, they met with Turgut Özal (1927–1993), the President of Turkey. On Sunday, 4 April 1993 they held a meeting with Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel.

On 1 July 1993 accompanied by President Masoud Barzani he participated in the graduation ceremony of the twelfth class of Salahaddin University in the city of Erbil. On Wednesday, 6 October 1993 at the Bashmakh border crossing in the border area of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, as the Secretary-General of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, he welcomed the convoy of President Mustafa Barzani (1903–1979) and Idris Mustafa Sheikh Muhammad (1944–1987), known as Idris Barzani, who were being taken from the Islamic Republic of Iran to their final resting place in the village of Barzan, affiliated with Erbil Governorate.

On 17 February 1994 under the supervision of President Masoud Barzani he signed a peace agreement with the Islamic Movement in Iraqi Kurdistan. In 13 June 1994 in the city of Silopi (Republic of Turkey) under the supervision of the Turkish government, for the purpose of declaring peace in the Kurdistan Region, he held a meeting with President Masoud Barzani On Wednesday, 9 November 1994 at his secretariat headquarters in the city of Erbil, he attended a joint meeting of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan for the purpose of ending the tensions between them.

On 11 September 1998 he arrived in the United States of America and on 17 September 1998 in the city of Washington, and in the presence of Madeleine Albright, the Secretary of State of the United States of America, he signed a peace agreement with President Masoud Barzani the President of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. On Friday, 8 January 1999 in the town of Pirmam, he was welcomed by President Masoud Barzani On Thursday, 23 September 1999 leading a delegation of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, together with Nechirvan Barzani the head of the Kurdistan Democratic Party delegation, they jointly visited the United States Department of State. In 3 December 1999 as a representative of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, he participated in the meeting of the Iraqi opposition in the city of New York in the United States of America. On Monday, 8 January 2001 in the town of Pirmam, affiliated with Erbil Governorate, for the purpose of strengthening bilateral relations, he met with President Masoud Barzani On Monday, 5 February 2001 at the second congress of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the city of Sulaymaniyah, he was re-elected by the delegates by unanimous vote as Secretary-General, and on this occasion, he delivered a speech to the congress attendees. Upon his return to the Kurdistan Region on Thursday, 11 January 2001 at Sari Blnd, he met with President Masoud Barzani again and discussed the views of the Turkish side regarding the developments in Kurdistan.

On Sunday, 31 March 2002 he welcomed Hoshyar Mahmoud Muhammad, known as Hoshyar Zebari, a member of the Political Bureau of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and they spoke about the trip to Turkey and Syria. On Sunday, 7 April 2002 he welcomed Hoshyar Zebari and Fazel Mirani the envoys of President Masoud Barzani On Friday, 30 May 2002 in the town of Dukan, he welcomed Fazel Mirani the envoy of President Masoud Barzani On Monday, 29 July 2002 in the town of Dukan, affiliated with Sulaymaniyah Governorate, he welcomed Dr. Roj Nuri Shaways, the envoy of President Masoud Barzani On Monday, 26 August 2002 in the city of London, he welcomed Sami Abdulrahman and Hoshyar Zebari. On Saturday, 7 September 2002 at the Ibrahim Khalil border crossing on the border of the Republic of Turkey and the Kurdistan Region, he was welcomed by a delegation from the leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, and on the same day in the town of Pirmam, he was welcomed by President Masoud Barzani On Tuesday, 26 November 2002 accompanied by President Masoud Barzani he was welcomed by the President of the French Parliament, and on Thursday, 28 November 2002 he was welcomed by Nicolas Sarkozy, the Minister of the Interior of France.

On Thursday, 19 December 2002 accompanied by President Masoud Barzani at the Downing Street headquarters, they met with Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of Britain. In the year 2003 he was a representative of the Salahaddin Conference of the Iraqi opposition for the purpose of overthrowing the regime of Saddam Hussein. On Monday, 3 February 2003 in the town of Khalifan, affiliated with Erbil Governorate, he was welcomed by President Masoud Barzani in order to discuss the political situation of Kurdistan and Iraq, he was welcomed, on 13 July 2003 he was appointed as a member of the Iraqi Governing Council (المجلس الحكم الانتقالي العراقي), from 26 to 27 March 2003 he participated in the broad national reconciliation conference in the city of Erbil, which was held under the supervision of President Masoud Barzani for all components of Iraq, on Wednesday 2 April 2003 he participated in the Dukan meeting for the joint leadership of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in order to prepare for the stage of Iraq's liberation, on Monday 15 September 2003 with President Masoud Barzani in the city of Halabja, they welcomed General Colin Powell, the United States Secretary of State, to lay a wreath on the shrine of the martyrs of the Halabja chemical attack, in the year 2003 he visited the United States of America accompanied by Zalmay Khalilzad.

On Saturday 15 May 2004 he represented the Sovereignty and Democracy Conference which was held in the city of Erbil with the attendance of 600 representatives, in 18 November 2004 in Dukan he supervised the Iraqi opposition conference in order to discuss the election process, the imposition of security, and the trial of Saddam Hussein, on Wednesday 1 December 2004 in the town of Pirmam with President Masoud Barzani he signed the strategic agreement between the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan for their national issues.

In the year 2005 he was a candidate on the 130 Kurdistan Alliance list for the Iraqi National Assembly, on 30 January 2005 he was elected as a member of the National Assembly on the Kurdistan Alliance list, in 28 April 2005 he was appointed as the President of the Federal Republic of Iraq for the transitional phase, in the year 2005 he ran for the Iraqi National Assembly on the Kurdistan Alliance list with number 730 in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, on Saturday 17 June 2005 at the Republican Palace of the Federal Republic of Iraq he welcomed Masoud Barzani the President of the Kurdistan Region and they discussed the writing of the Federal Iraqi Constitution and the participation of all components, and on Friday 12 August 2005 they discussed the writing of the constitution again, in 15 November 2005 as the President of the Federal Republic of Iraq he participated in the conference of Islam in the pluralistic world (العالم التعددي) in the city of Vienna, in 21 January 2006 in the Kurdistan National Assembly with President Masoud Barzani he signed the reunification of both the Kurdistan Regional Government in Erbil and the Sulaymaniyah administration in order to create a unified Kurdistan Regional Government, for the years (2006–2014) he was the President of Iraq for two terms, on Saturday 23 October 2010 in order to form the Federal Iraqi Government in the city of Erbil he was welcomed by President Masoud Barzani.

Among his works:

Jalal Talabani He has a large number of published works, most of which are articles and pamphlets that he wrote for special and general occasions or gave as speeches and were subsequently printed. Among them: 

  1. Ittihad Talabat Kurdistan Limatha? (Why the Kurdistan Students Union?) – 1953.

  2. Kurdayati Bizutnewey Rizgari Netewey Geli Kurdistan (Kurdishness: The National Liberation Movement of the People of Kurdistan) – (First Edition – ), (Third Edition – 1964).

  3. Peshmergey Kurdistan – Paydaboon u Geshekirdin u Beserhatekani le Raporti Heval Mam Jalalda bo Konferansi Partî Dîmukratî Kurdistan (Kurdistan Peshmerga – Its Emergence, Development, and Events in Comrade Mam Jalal's Report to the Kurdistan Democratic Party Conference) – Timar 28 August 1966 – 1966.

  4. Kurdistan wal-Harakah al-Qawmiyyah al-Kurdiyyah – (First Edition – 1969), Kurdish translation by (H.A.) under the title Kurdistan and the Kurdish National Movement, printed in the year 2011.

  5. Qutabiyani Kurdistan bo Pewisti be Buny Rekxraweki Taybeti Heye (Why do Kurdistan Students need a special organization?) – 1973.

  6. Yeketi Nishtimanii Kurdistan Bochi...? (Why the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan...?) – 1976.

  7. Joshdani Xebat diji Imperializm u Fashizm u Nokeraniyan bo Serbexoyi u Dimokrasi u Autonomi (Stoking the struggle against imperialism, fascism, and their lackeys for independence, democracy, and autonomy) – 1980.

  8. Bangewazi Kurdayeti (The Call of Kurdishness) – 1981.

  9. Le Barey Jengi Partizani le Naw Sharekanda (On Guerrilla Warfare in Cities) – 1985.

  10. Hawl al-Qadiyyah al-Kurdiyyah fi al-Iraq (On the Kurdish Question in Iraq) – 1988.

  11. Aghd wa Dimuqrati wa Hirman Sha'b Hatta min Haqq al-Hulm? (An Era and Democracy and Depriving a People Even of the Right to Dream?) – (First Edition – 1988), (Second Edition – 2014).

  12. Ferbun u Tegeyshtin u Bekarhenani Marxism le Xebatda (Learning, Understanding, and Applying Marxism in the Struggle) – 1989.

  13. Al-Duktur al-Atasi wal-Qadiyyah al-Kurdiyyah (Dr. Al-Atassi and the Kurdish Question) – No year.

  14. Le Penavi Geshepedani Yeketi Nishtimanii Kurdistan da (For the Development of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) – 1992.

  15. Eme le Sher Natersin, Belam Ashtiman Dewe (We are not afraid of war, but we want peace) – 1995.

  16. Yadashtekanim (My Memoirs) – 1996, this pamphlet was written in Arabic and translated into Kurdish by Amanj.

  17. Peyami Mam Jalal (The Message of Mam Jalal) – 1997.

  18. Dialogi Arebi – Kurdi u Chareseri Keshey Kurd (Arab-Kurdish Dialogue and Solving the Kurdish Problem) – 1998.

  19. Behari Buzandnewey Bireubawer (The Spring of Reviving Ideology) – 1999.

  20. Serweri Yubili Ziewin u Erkekani Dahatu (The Silver Jubilee Sovereignty and Future Tasks) – 2000.

  21. Iraq le Diktatoriyete-we berew Dimokrasi (Iraq from Dictatorship towards Democracy) – 2003.

  22. Zinjire Wtareki Siyasi derbarey Federali Yekgrtin u Yeketi Nishtimanii Kurdistan (A Series of Political Articles on Federalism, Unity, and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) – 2004.

  23. Kurdistan Federaliye-ki Balaye ... Zoranjii legelda nakre (Kurdistan is a High Federalism ... It cannot be wrestled with) – 2004.

  24. Puxte Baseki derbarey Sosial Dimokrati (A Brief Discussion on Social Democracy) – 2007.

  25. Besheki le Bireweryekani Mam Jalal (A Part of Mam Jalal's Memoirs) – 2009, translated from Arabic into the Kurdish language.

  26. Erkekani Xebat le Helume-rjeki Duzhwarda (Tasks of the Struggle in Difficult Circumstances) – 2011.

 

 

Sources: 

  1. Aram Karim, Min Mam Jalal Denasim (I Know Mam Jalal), Part One, (No Place – 2000 AD), pp. 5 – 6, 8, 10 – 11, 13, 15, 17, 20 – 22, 26.

  2. Prepared by: Salah Rashid, Didari Temen (Meeting of a Lifetime), Volume One, Second Edition, (Sulaymaniyah – Karo Printing House – 2017 AD), pp. 21 – 24, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43, 65, 72, 82, 89 – 91, 183 – 184, 221, 321, 30.

  3. Prepared by: Kamal Mahmoud, Album u Jiyannameyi Mam Jalal (George Washington of Iraq) (Album and Biography of Mam Jalal), (Sulaymaniyah – Awat Library – Karo Printing House – 2017 AD), pp. 6 – 18, 21 – 23, 32, 36 – 37, 71 – 72, 79, 81 – 85, 88 – 91, 114 – 115.

  4. Prepared by: Mala Bakhtiar, Arif Sulaiman, Le Denke-we bo Gulegenmekan (From the Seed to the Wheat Ears), Volume One, Second Edition, (Erbil – Hawsar Printing House – 2007 AD), pp. 47 – 48.

  5. Ahmed Banikhelani, Bireweryekanim (My Memoirs), (Stockholm – 1997 AD), pp. 188, 214 – 215, 250, 259 – 260, 339 – 341, 356 – 357, 385 – 387, 400, 407, 427 – 431, 444, 447, 471, 532, 542 – 543, 548.  

  6. Ahmed Bawer, Mezhuy Hawcherxi Iraq 1914 – 1968 (Contemporary History of Iraq), (Sulaymaniyah – Karo Printing House – 2018 AD), pp. 382, 384.

  7. Ahmed Dilzar, Birewery Rozhani Jiyanm (Memoirs of the Days of My Life), (Erbil – Ministry of Culture and Youth – Shahab Printing House – 2019 AD), pp. 82, 220, 122.

  8. Ahmed Sharif Lek, Analysis of Historical Events, Volume Two, (Erbil - Rojhalat Printing House - 2019), pp. 69, 94, 108, 119 - 121, 124, 137, 143, 145, 206.

  9. Ashraf Talabani, A Brief History of the Talabani Sheikhs, (Erbil - Koya Research and Publishing Center - Shahab Printing House - 2012), pp. 98, 102 - 109, 112 - 117, 132.

  10. Ibrahim al-Rawi, From the Great Arab Revolt to Modern Iraq, Second Edition, (Beirut - Dar al-Kutub Printing House - 1978), p. 378.

  11. Edith Penrose, E.F. Penrose, Iraq: International Relations and National Development 1915 - 1975, translated by Abdul Majeed Hasib al-Qaisi, Part Two, (Beirut - Arab Encyclopedia House - 1989), pp. 22, 97. 

  12. Ardeshir Pashang, The Kurds in the Midst of the Iran-Iraq War, (Tehran - Marz-o-Boom Publishing - 1394 SH), pp. 136, 138, 151, 153, 163, 191, 193, 201, 206, 219, 222, 227, 262, 264 - 265, 271 - 273, 277, 285, 314, 331, 340, 343 - 345, 347, 349 - 351.

  13. Arnold Wilson, The Iraqi Revolt, translated and annotated by Jaafar al-Khayat, (Beirut - Dar al-Kutub Printing House - 1971), p. 67.

  14. Names of the Kurdistan Alliance List candidates for the upcoming election, Al-Ta'akhi Newspaper, Al-Ta'akhi House for Printing and Publishing, Issue 4641, Third Term, Baghdad, Wednesday, 7 December 2005, p. 8.

  15. Emma Sky, The Unraveling: High Hopes and Missed Opportunities in Iraq, translated and introduced by Qais Qasim al-Ajrash, (Beirut - Al-Rafidain and Sklor - 2016), pp. 423, 476, 519.

  16. Baha al-Din Nouri, In Evaluation of the Policy of the Iraqi Communist Party in the years 1958 - 1983, Fourth Edition, (Iraq - December 1991), p. 33.

  17. Peter G. Lambert, The United States and the Kurds: Case Studies of United States Commitments, translated by the Center for Kurdish Studies and Documentation / University of Duhok, (Duhok - University of Duhok - Khani Printing House - 2008), pp. 62, 64, 97, 99, 111, 113, 117, 119.

  18. Peter W. Galbraith, The End of Iraq, translated by Mamk, (Erbil - Aras Printing and Publishing House - 2007), pp. 86, 211.

  19. Talib Moriasi, Searching for the Truth, Volume One, (Erbil - 2004), pp. 116, 131 - 132.

  20. Jalal Talabani, Dr. al-Atassi and the Kurdish Question, (Kurdistan - Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - Organization Office - no year), pp. 1, 40.

  21. Jalal Talabani, Kurdistan and the Kurdish National Movement, (Beirut - Dar al-Tali'ah for Printing and Publishing - 1969), pp. 1, 7, 447.

  22. Jalal Talabani, Kurdistan and the Kurdish National Movement, translated by H.A., (Sulaymaniyah - Jamal Ali Babir Library - 2011), pp. 1, 275, 337.

  23. Hafiz al-Qadi, Memoirs, Part One, (Duhok - Khani Printing House - 2006), p. 270.

  24. Habib Muhammad Karim, History of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq (in key stations) 1946 - 1993, (Duhok - Khabat Printing House - 1998), pp. 50, 56 - 57, 59, 61, 68, 85, 508.

  25. Habib Muhammad Karim, Kirkuk and the Glorious September Revolution, Golan Arabi Magazine, Golan Cultural Center, Issue 70, Sixth Year, Erbil, Ministry of Education Printing House, 31 March 2002, p. 38.

  26. The War on Iraq: Diaries - Documents - Reports 1990 - 2005, (Beirut - Center for Arab Unity Studies - 2007), pp. 524, 1066, 1160, 1239.

  27. Hassan Arfa, The Kurds: A Historical and Political Survey, (No place - No date), pp. 133 - 134, 139 - 141.

  28. Hassan Latif al-Zubaidi, Encyclopedia of Iraqi Parties, (Beirut - Al-Aref Institution for Publications - 2007), pp. 448 - 450, 492, 512, 514 - 516, 591.

  29. Hasso Hormi, Glimpses from the Life of Prince Tahsin Said Ali Beg, (Erbil - Rojhalat Printing House - 2017), pp. 90, 152, 193.

  30. Hossein Ahmadi, A Study of Political Events in the Kurdish-inhabited Regions of Iran 1320 - 1330 SH, Second Edition, (Tehran - Institute for Contemporary History Studies - 1394 SH), p. 25.