Biography

Omer Axa Dolemeri was born in 1927 in the village of Leloki, which is part of the Mergasor district. During his childhood, he worked as a shepherd and herdsman. After he went with General Mustafa Barzani to the Soviet Union, he received his diploma in the Department of Agriculture at Tashkent University. After returning from the Soviet Union in 1959, he was established in the Erbil Agriculture Directorate.

Career

After the start of the second Barzan revolution in 1943 and its continuation until 1945, Omer Axa Dolemeri joined the ranks of the second Barzan revolution and participated in the Battle of Meydan Morik. Because of his participation in the revolution, on 19 August 1945, by order of the military Urfi court, all his property and assets were seized and he was arrested.

 

On 11 October 1945, after the defeat of the second Barzan revolution, he went with Mustafa Barzani and his companions to East Kurdistan. After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, on 31 March 1946, he defended the Republic of Kurdistan within the framework of the Barzan force.

 

After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad and the return of Barzani from East Kurdistan to South Kurdistan, he participated in the battles of Dashti Shino and Heleji in East Kurdistan. He was also among those Peshmerga who returned to the Sherwan and Mizuri region on 19 April 1947 via the Xwakurk road and the Dashti Berazgir through the territory of North Kurdistan.

 

After the return of General Mustafa Barzani on 15 May 1947, he held a meeting with his companions in the village of Ergus and asked them to make their decision about staying or going to the Soviet Union. There, all his companions decided to continue and go to the Soviet Union. On 23 May 1947, he went with General Mustafa Barzani to the Soviet Union and participated in the Battle of Qitur Valley and the Battle of Mako Bridge, and after great hardship and effort, on 18 June 1947, they crossed the Aras River, which lies on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, towards the Soviet Union.

 

After their arrival in the Soviet Union, on 18 June 1947, he and all his companions stayed in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days in a Sarawela complex that had been surrounded by barbed wire, and they were guarded by a group of soldiers, and in terms of food, clothing, and movement, they were treated like prisoners and captives of war. Later, by the decision of the Soviet government, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayulakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On 10 December 1947, they were transferred to a military base on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and, under the supervision of officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan, they were given eight hours of military training and instruction daily. At the same time, for up to four hours a day, they were given lessons in learning the Kurdish language by some of their companions who were literate.

 

After the bad treatment of Jafar Baghirov towards his companions, they decided to move from the military camp (29 August 1948) from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Chirchuk complex near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and there they continued their military lessons.

 

In March 1949, he and his companions were distributed in groups and teams by train and railway to the villages of the Soviet Union and worked on farms and collective farms (Kolkhozes) (those lands that people rented from the government and then gave a portion to the government).

 

After much effort and the sending of several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, finally a letter reached Stalin in which Barzani described the situation of his companions, and he immediately made a decision to form a committee to investigate the situation of Barzani's companions, and finally the committee's decision was that they should all be gathered in the city of Vriviski. For that reason, he went to the city of Vriviski in the Soviet Union in November 1951.

 

After the 14 July 1958 revolution in Iraq and the return of General Mustafa Barzani, on 25 February 1959, according to both the third and seventh articles and paragraph (A) of the tenth article and the implementation of article (11) based on the amended Law No. 19 of 1959, he and his companions were granted a general amnesty.

 

In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abd al-Karim Qasim, and on 16 April 1959, he and his companions arrived in the south of the Republic of Iraq by the ship Grozya via the port of Basra, and from there they returned to Kurdistan.

 

Before the September Revolution began, he left his official duty and returned to President Mustafa Barzani. In 1961, he participated in the Battle of Zawita Valley, Sere Akre, and Piris, and was one of the commanders who went with President Mustafa Barzani to the Sengeser, Ranya, and Dilman regions. In 1963, when the Iraqi government attacked and wanted to occupy the Barzan region, he returned to the region with General Barzani, and the General sent a force of Peshmerga under the command of Omer Axa to the Shush and Shermin region, and as a result, that force and the forces of other columns attacked the enemy and forced the enemy to retreat on 26 June 1963. However, after the region was shelled by enemy artillery, Omer Axa was wounded. After the fighting stopped temporarily, he went with President Mustafa Barzani to Dilman. In 1974, he participated in the Penjwen battle and after returning, he went to the artillery unit of the Balek force.

 

After the defeat of the revolution and Barzani's departure to the country of Iran, Omer Axa, who was the bodyguard of General Mustafa Barzani , also went to Iran with him. After the start of the Gulan Revolution, he participated in the revolution, and in 1979 with President Masoud Barzani he went to Rajan and continued his work. Until the uprising of March 1991, he had a visible role there as well. On 16 August 1993, at the eleventh congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, due to his work and resistance in the second Barzan revolution and the Republic of Kurdistan, by President Masoud Barzani he received the Barzani medal. He was martyred on 10 July 1995 in the village of Ziyaret.

References:

1- Hamid Gawhari, The Barzani Medal is the highest honor, Volume One, (Erbil - Haji Hashim Printing House - 2015 AD).

2- Hamid Gardi, Summary of History, first edition, (Erbil - Aras Publishing and Distribution House - Ministry of Education Printing House - 2004)

3- Haydar Faruq Al-Samarrai, Ziya Ja'far and his political and economic role in Iraq, (London – Dar al-Hukim 2016).

4- In the memoirs of the Martyr Commander Heso Mirxan Jajoki, 62 days with Barzani, the Barzanis' journey to the Soviet Union, first edition (Erbil - Rewshenbiri Printing House - 1997 AD).

5- Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1931-1958, (Duhok - Xebat Printing House - 1998).

6- Text of the decision of the amnesty committee regarding the reinstatement of the martyrs of the Barzan revolution, Rizgari Magazine, issues 2, 3, Al-Rabita Printing House, Baghdad, 1 April 1959.

7- Archive of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Board. Content of the interview with Babekir Sheikh Hussein Lachin, on 10 January 2016 – Pirmam.