Mohammad Mahmoud Mohammad Ahmad, known as Mohammad Qudsi, an officer and politician, in 1938 a member of the Khoyboon and Brotherhood groups, in 1939 a member of the Hope Party, in 1942 one of the Kurdish officers within the ranks of the Iraqi Army with the rank of lieutenant, in 1944 one of the participants in the Second Barzan Revolution, in 1945 a member of the Freedom Committee, in 1946 one of the founding members of the Kurdish Democratic Party in the city of Mahabad, and in 1947 was hanged by the Iraqi government in the city of Baghdad for participating in the Second Barzan Revolution (1943-1945).

Biography

Mohammad Mahmoud Mohammad Ahmad was born in the city of Quds, and therefore took the city’s name as his surname. His father, Mahmoud Effendi (1894-1969), was one of the officers of the Ottoman Army and was later taken into the Iraqi Army, then because of his son’s connection to the Second Barzan Revolution he was dismissed from the army ranks. His mother, Qaral Khan, was from the Circassian nation of the Caucasus. Mohammad Qudsi studied first grade at an elementary school in Mosul in 1927, and began second grade in the city of Sulaymaniyah in 1928. He completed the elementary stage at Khalidiyah Primary School, and to better learn the Sulaymaniyah dialect he studied under Faiq Bekas and was given the surname Qudsi. He completed the intermediate stage in the city of Sulaymaniyah and was known as the Star of Quds for his athletic ability. In 1930 he was a member of the scout team of the First Sulaymaniyah School. In 1932 in the city of Sulaymaniyah he was commander of the school scout unit. In 1937 he was one of the founders of the Unity Society in the city of Sulaymaniyah. In 1938 he joined the ranks of the Khoyboon and Brotherhood groups in the city of Sulaymaniyah. In 1939 he joined the ranks of the Kurdish Hope Party. In 1940 he graduated from the officer deputy course. In 1942 he graduated from the Military College in Baghdad with the rank of lieutenant (second lieutenant). In 1943 he was one of the active members of the Kurdish Hope Party in the town of Rawandiz (Erbil). In 1943 in the town of Rawandiz he worked as a director for theatrical productions.

Biography

In 1943, Muhammad Mahmoud Muhammad Ahmad accompanied Mustafa Barzani on a visit to the city of Baghdad. In 1944, he left the ranks of the Royal Iraqi Army and took part in the Second Barzani Revolt. On 10 February 1945, he became the secretary of the Kurd Hope Party for Commander Mustafa Barzani, leader of the Second Barzani Revolt and head of the Freedom Committee in the Second Barzani Revolt. On 15 January 1945, he became a founding member of the Freedom Committee. In 1945, after negotiations between the Freedom Committee and the Royal Government of Iraq, along with some of the revolutionary officers, they handed themselves over to the government, but they were severely imprisoned in Baghdad prison and later, together with Jalal Amin Beg, fled toward the liberated areas. In 1945, he published an article in Gelawej magazine. On 25 March 1945, he was a member of the negotiating delegation of the Freedom Committee under the leadership of Mustafa Barzani, and in the village of Shawraw within the borders of Erbil Province, he met Captain Stokes, the representative of the British Embassy. In 1945, he accompanied Commander Mustafa Barzani on a trip to the Badinan area with the aim of uniting the tribes against the Royal Iraqi Army. On 19 August 1945, the military martial court issued an order to seize all transferred and non-transferred assets because of his participation in the Second Barzani Revolt. In 1945, after the defeat of the Second Barzani Revolt, he became a refugee in Eastern Kurdistan.

In 1946, he participated in Peshmerga training of the army of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan at the military training center in the city of Mahabad. In 1946‌, in the army of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan he was promoted to officer (captain). On 21 March 1946, at the Nowruz celebration in the city of Mahabad, he delivered a speech to the public, which was published in the newspaper Kurdistan, the organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1946, with the approval of Sheikh Ahmad Sheikh Muhammad Sheikh Abdulsalam (1892-1969), known as Sheikh Ahmadi Barzan, and General Mustafa Barzani, together with Jalal Amin Beg, he assisted Ismail al-Ardalani in writing the secret book of Barzan. In 1946, he was a member of the founding committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the city of Mahabad. In 1946, the first declaration of the founding of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, written in Arabic by lawyer Hamza Abdullah Omar (1915-1998), was translated into Central Kurdish and printed in the Kurdistan printing house in the city of Mahabad. In 1946, he was responsible for the youth organization of Saqiz in Eastern Kurdistan. In 1946, he translated the first statute and program of the Kurdistan Democratic Party from Arabic into Kurdish. In 1946, a booklet titled Homeland and Patriotism was published by the Progress Library of the town of Rwanduz in a two-part 16-page edition. On 7 May 1946, with the support of Chairman Mustafa Barzani, he participated in the reopening of the boys' school of Peshawa of Kurdistan in the city of Bokan and presented Chairman Mustafa Barzani's speech to those present.

In 1946, after the downfall of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan, under the command of General Mustafa Barzani, he fought against the Iranian army. In 1947, after the downfall of the Democratic Republic of Kurdistan and the end of the last resistance efforts with a group of his comrades, he attempted to save himself but was unsuccessful, so on April 10, 1947, he surrendered to the Iraqi police. Most Kurdish figures turned to the city of Baghdad so they could try to persuade the authorities not to execute him, because earlier, in 1945, the Military Court had issued a death sentence against him. Although it had been decided that they would not be executed, in 1947, for the second time, in a fabricated trial, a secret decision was made to hang them to death, which was the same previous punishment imposed on him. Many of the Kurdish figures residing in the city of Baghdad made great efforts to have the Iraqi royal authorities commute the death sentence to imprisonment, but due to the insistence of Saleh Jabr (1895-1957), the Prime Minister of Iraq, this effort was unsuccessful. Before the hanging, he and three of his comrades wrote a will to the people, in which they reaffirmed their position on the freedom of the homeland.

On June 19, 1947, at the time of his execution, with great courage and while chanting national slogans and wishing for the salvation of Mustafa Barzani and his companions were taken from the Aras River and reached the Soviet Union, were executed by hanging on 19 June 1947 in the courtyard of the Central Prison of Baghdad in front of imprisoned Kurds; on 19 June 1947, the body was received by Abdulsamad, an عضو of the Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and a Kurdish delegation, and sent to the city of Sulaymaniyah. While the funeral procession of his body was being escorted from the Central Prison of Baghdad to the city of Sulaymaniyah, thousands of Kurds were standing in front of the prison gate. Faiq (1905-1948), known as Faiq Bê Kesî, the Kurdish poet, composed a poem titled Qewmî Kurd to welcome the funeral procession of him and the comrades of the martyr, which was recited as a hymn at the استقبال of their bodies. This elegy for the Martyrs of 19 June speaks of all four Martyrs. Despite restrictions on attendance, the body was welcomed by a large crowd from the city of Sulaymaniyah, and for this occasion the great Kurdish poet Tawfiq (1867-1950) Pîremêrd composed a new elegy, and he was buried in Sulaymaniyah on Girdi Seywan. Radio Baghdad broadcast the news of the hanging. In 1959 Kamran Mukri (1929-1986) published a 31-page book in Sulaymaniyah titled Muhammad Qudsi Namir. He was knowledgeable in the Kurdish, Arabic, and English languages.

From his works:

1. What is homeland and patriotism? — 1946.

Source:

- Archives of the Encyclopedia Department of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.