Biography

Ahmed Mustafa Shwan was born on July 1, 1919, in the village of Kanielnji in the Mergasor district of Erbil Governorate. Due to the remoteness, he could not attend school, and he married there. In 1932, he became a refugee in the country of Turkey. From 1945 to 1947, he was a refugee in Eastern Kurdistan. In 1975, after the collapse of the Aylul Revolution he became a refugee in the country of Iran and settled there. After the 1991 Uprising, he returned to Kurdistan. In addition to his mother tongue, he knew Arabic, Persian, and English.

Struggle Record

Ahmed Mustafa Shwan participated in the Second Barzan Revolution in 1943, and in 1945, in the Battle of Meydan Morik, he played an active role in striking the Iraqi Army. In 1945, after the Second Barzan Revolution, he headed to Eastern Kurdistan with Sheikh Ahmed Barzani and Mullah Mustafa Barzani. After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, he also participated as a commander and Peshmerga.

In 1961, he participated in the Aylul Revolution in the Likdar Force. He received several military ranks in the Aylul Revolution including the rank of Head of Branch and Battalion Commander in the Balak Force, and was an administrative and military official at the Barzani Headquarters.

In 1976, at the beginning of the outbreak of the Gulan Revolution he participated, received the rank of Commander of the 30th Force of the Barzan Power, and was also an administrator of Branch 2 of the right wing of the Kurdistan Democratic Party and the official in charge of the Baran organization's Peshmerga force. After the 1991 Uprising, he returned to Kurdistan and participated in the Uprising. After the formation of the Peshmerga Forces army, he received the rank of Commander of the 47th Brigade. In the same year, by order of President Masoud Barzani he was made the official in charge of the Shirwan 2 Social Committee.

He participated in many battles, including the 1945 Battle of Meydan Morik and Goratu, the Battle of Mount Qalander and Badlian. He also participated with the Barzan Force during the Republic of Kurdistan era in the battles of Saqqez, Naghadeh, Alaba Kuika, Nalos, Oshnavieh, Margavar against the forces of the Iranian Army.

 In the Aylul Revolution, he participated in several battles against the Iraqi Army, including Lomana, Zawita, Sari Zeri, Sari Akre, Sidekan, Balakayati, Hiran, Nazanin, Gomaspan, Spilik, Rezan, Mergasor, Kuran, Sarke, Chama Dudemera, and the Omar Agha Pass in Diana. 

During his life as a Peshmerga, he was wounded several times: on September 26, 1945, on Mount Qalander, he lost his right eye; on March 15, 1947, in the Battle of Nalos; on September 17, 1963, in the Battle of Chame Dudemera; and in 1966 in the Battle of Omar Agha Pass.

In 1947, after the return of the Barzan Force from Eastern Kurdistan, he was imprisoned by the Iraqi monarchical government along with Mustafa Khoshnaw، Muhammad Mahmud Qudsi and Khairullah Abdulkarim، Izzat Abdulaziz in the prisons of Baghdad and Mosul. A death sentence was issued for him, but later their sentence was commuted to twenty years in prison.

On the night of May 24-25, 2010, he passed away at the Republic Hospital in Erbil, the capital.

Source: 

Archive of the Encyclopedia Board of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.