Biography

Frya Malo Chawshin was born in 1927 in the village of Lerabiri in the Shirwan Mazin sub-district of Mergasor district, Erbil province. In 1945, after the collapse of the Second Barzan Revolution he became a refugee in Eastern Kurdistan. He was a middle school graduate. In 1975, after the collapse of the Aylul Revolution, he again became a refugee in Eastern Kurdistan and settled in the city of Naqada in Eastern Kurdistan. He passed away in 1997 and was buried in his homeland. 

Struggle Record

In 1943, he joined the ranks of the Second Barzan Revolution and was in the defensive trenches on Bradost Mountain against the Iraqi Army. On October 11, 1945, after the collapse of the Second Barzan Revolution, he headed to Eastern Kurdistan. On March 31, 1946, he became a Peshmerga in the Barzani force affiliated with the army of the Republic of Kurdistan in the city of Mahabad. He participated in the battles of the Naqada and Oshnavieh fronts in the Republic of Kurdistan and was wounded in the battle of Qalatan. 

After the collapse of the Republic of Kurdistan, he was among the Peshmerga who returned to the territory of Northern Kurdistan on April 19, 1947, via the Khwakurk route and the Bazargir plain, from the village of Khwakurk to the village of Argosh and the Herki region. After their return, General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his companions on May 15, 1947, in the village of Argosh and gave them the choice to stay or head towards the Soviet Union. There, all his companions decided to continue and head towards the Soviet Union. 

On May 22, 1947, he accompanied General Mustafa Barzani towards the Soviet Union and participated in the battle of the Kotol (Qotur) valley and the battle of the Maku bridge. After much hardship and fatigue, on June 18, 1947, he crossed the Aras River, which lies on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, into the Soviet Union.

After arriving in the Soviet Union, on June 19, 1947, along with all his companions, he was placed in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days in an open-air compound surrounded by barbed wire. They were guarded by a group of soldiers and were treated like prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and movement. Later, by the decision of the Soviet government, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayolakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were moved to a military camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and, under the supervision of officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were given eight hours of military training daily. At the same time, they were taught Kurdish language lessons daily for four hours by some of their companions who were literate.

After the poor treatment of the Barzani companions by Jafar Baghirov, it was decided to move the military camp on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk community near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where they continued their military training. 

  In March 1949, along with his companions, they were distributed in groups and squads by train among the collective villages of the Soviet Union and worked in the Kolkhoz fields (lands that people rented from the government and later gave the government's share back). 

After much effort and the sending of several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, a letter finally reached Stalin in which Barzani described the hardships of his companions. He immediately ordered the formation of a committee to investigate the situation of the Barzani companions, and the committee's final decision was that they should all be gathered in the city of Vriviski. Therefore, Frya Malo went to the city of Vriviski in the Soviet Union in November 1951.

   In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abdul Karim Qasim. On April 16, 1959, Frya Malo, along with his companions, returned to Kurdistan via the port of Basra in the south of the Republic of Iraq on the ship Grozia.

   In 1961, he joined the Peshmerga Forces of the Aylul Revolution and became a Peshmerga, attained the rank of Battalion Commander, and participated in the battles. In 1979, he joined the Peshmerga Forces of the Gulan Revolution and became a Peshmerga again, and participated in the 1991 Uprising.

Sources:

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12- Archive of the Encyclopedia Board of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.