Biography

Muhammad Ziyad Hama Mahmud, known as Kaka Ziyad of Koya, from the Ghafuri family, was born in 1914 in the city of Koya in Erbil Governorate. He was taught Kurdish, Arabic, and English by teacher Zaki Ahmad Hanari. He sent his daughters to school, which was not common at that time. In 1975, after the collapse of the Aylul Revolution , he became a refugee in the country of Iran. He returned to Southern Kurdistan in 1976 and was deported by the Ba'ath Party authorities to the city of Baghdad. In 1983, he helped the Barzani family in the city of Baghdad whose men had been disappeared. In 1990, he returned to the town of Koya. In 1991, during the exodus, he headed to the Islamic Republic of Iran. He passed away on April 12, 1991, in the town of Naqadeh (Eastern Kurdistan) and was buried on August 25, 1991, in the Kakon cemetery in the town of Koya. He was proficient in Kurdish, Arabic, Persian, and English.

  Struggle Record

In 1931, he supported the first Barzani revolution. He was a graduate of the fifth grade of primary school. In 1933, he was one of the founders of the Youth Association in Koya, which was known as the Association of Intellectuals. In 1939, he joined the ranks of the Hiwa Party of Kurdistan. In mid-April 1941, during the opposition to Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, the Prime Minister of Iraq, against the authorities of the United Kingdom, he was a member of the Kurdish delegation from the cities of Erbil and Kirkuk that visited Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in the city of Baghdad, and he delivered a speech in his language at this event. In 1943, he was elected by the voters of the town of Koya as a member of the Iraqi Chamber of Deputies. From 1943 to 1945, he supported the second Barzani revolution. He was a member and supporter of the Komala Zhianawa Kurd. In 1943, he provided financial support to the Sarkawtin Club of Kurds in the city of Baghdad. In 1945, he joined the Rizgari Kurd Party. In 1945, he provided financial support to the Communist Party in Iraqi Kurdistan (Revolution Party) for the printing of their publications. On January 16, 1945, on charges of supporting the second Barzani revolution (1943-1945), he was deported to the town of Shaqlawa in Erbil Governorate and was under police surveillance for a year. In 1945, he collected donations in the town of Koya for the purpose of supporting the Komala Zhianawa Kurd (Zh.K) and he himself provided them with financial support. In 1945, he provided financial support to the Republic of Kurdistan. In 1946, by purchasing a house in the city of Baghdad, this house was used for free as a dormitory for Kurdish students.

In 1946, at the first congress, he became the second deputy to the president of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. In 1946, those Southern Kurds who had served in the Republic of Kurdistan and were returning to their homes were sheltered by him and sent to their places. In 1947, he sheltered many cadres of the Kurdistan Democratic Party who had fled from the oppression of the Iranian kingdom authorities, such as Sadiq Haidari. In 1947, he was elected as a representative of the Iraqi parliament and was active in the opposition front in parliament, and he constantly supported the imprisoned and deported Barzanis in the parliament building. In 1948, with the slogan of freedom for the imprisoned Barzanis, he participated in the Baghdad demonstrations against the signing of the Portsmouth Treaty between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Iraq. In 1950, he supervised the Koya Conference and elected a new leadership to manage the Kurdistan Democratic Party, thereby fulfilling the party duties and the tasks of the rank granted by the first congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Until 1951, when the Jews of Koya were forcibly sent to the State of Israel by the Iraqi government, he was known for supporting and helping the Jews. He was a member of the Iraqi Peace Partisans movement. In 1953, he was imprisoned for a short time by the authorities of the Kingdom of Iraq. In 1955, he provided financial support to the Iraqi Communist Party to send a Kurdish representative to the World Festival of Youth and Students in Warsaw. At the beginning of 1959, he was a member of the National Front Committee in the town of Koya (Erbil) for the purpose of resolving the problems between the Party and the Iraqi Communist Party in Koya. In 1957, he took responsibility for the travel expenses of Jalal Hisamaddin Nuredin, known as Jalal Talabani, to the city of Moscow, who had gone for the purpose of meeting President Mustafa Barzani (1903-1979). On July 26, 1958, in the town of Koya, he held a meeting with several personalities to go to the city of Baghdad and prepare the demands of the Kurdish nation. On July 27, 1958, with a delegation of Kurds, he visited the Iraqi Ministry of Defense in Baghdad and congratulated Abd al-Karim Qasim (1914-1963) on the fall of the royal regime. In 1959, the fourth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - Iraq was held at his house in the city of Baghdad.

On June 2, 1959, with the signature of Staff Brigadier General Abd al-Karim Qasim, the head of the Higher Committee for Agrarian Reform, most of his lands and properties were seized. On December 22, 1960, he was appointed as a member of the Board of the Tobacco Monopoly Administration. In 1960, he was a representative at the fifth congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. On September 16, 1961, he was imprisoned in the prisons of Erbil, Baghdad, and Kut, and his house was destroyed. In 1963, after the end of the Abd al-Karim Qasim regime, he was released, and on June 9, 1963, he joined the ranks of the Peshmerga forces. In 1963, he was a representative at the first People's Congress (Koya Congress). In 1963, during the first People's Congress (Koya Congress), he hosted President Mustafa Barzani has done, in the middle of the Year 1963 his house was burned by the forces of the National Guard (Al-Haris al-Qawmi) affiliated with the Arab Ba'ath Party, in the Year 1964 he attempted to reconcile the leader's wing and the political bureau's wing, in the Year 1964 he participated in the Second People's Congress (Qaladize Congress), in the Year 1964 he became a member of the Revolutionary Command Council in Iraqi Kurdistan, in the Year 1965 he played a major role so that the Hamadan refugees affiliated with the political bureau's wing would be granted amnesty by President Mustafa Barzani.

In the Year 1966 he was a representative of the Seventh Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the town of Galala in Erbil Governorate, in the Year 1970 he was a representative of the Eighth Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the village of Nawprdan in Erbil Governorate.

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