Biography

Mustafa Abdullah Karkamoyi, known as (Miste Awla), was born in 1932 during the failure of the Second Barzan Revolution (1931-1932) in exile in the country of Turkey. He was from the village of Karkamo, affiliated with the Mergasor district. In his childhood, his father was martyred. He had three brothers named Muhammad Abdullah in Second Barzan Revolution and Sharif Abdullah and Isa Abdullah in Aylul Revolution who were martyred. He received a diploma from the Soviet Union.

Struggle Record

In 1945, after the failure of the Second Barzan Revolution (1943-1945), he was displaced along with the fighters and Barzani families to Eastern Kurdistan (Iran). After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad at the beginning of 1946, he became a Peshmerga of the Republic in the Barzan force. After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan in December 1946, along with the revolutionary army of Barzan led by General Mustafa Barzani, after several battles and struggles against the Imperial Iranian Army, he returned to Southern Kurdistan through the Nazdardagh area at the triangle of the Iran-Iraq-Turkey border and settled within the ranks of the army in the Mizuri tribal area.

On May 6, 1947, after the historic decision of General Mustafa Barzani at the Argosh meeting not to surrender to the Iraqi government and to head towards the Soviet Union, he decided to leave along with the revolutionary army of Barzan with more than five hundred fighters under the leadership of General Mustafa Barzani and became one of the companions of Barzani to the Soviet Union. During 28 days of continuous marching through the ruggedness and nature of the road and military confrontations with the armies of the three countries of Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, and after their success in the famous battle of the Shute plain and crossing the Qizildagh bridge in Maku, they finally crossed the Aras River and the border of the Soviet Union on June 18 along with the Barzani fighters.

After crossing the border, he was transferred by the Soviets along with all the Barzani fighters as prisoners of war to the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan. After Moscow decided to accept the Barzanis as refugees and after the agreement between General Mustafa Barzani and Jafar Baghirov, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, he was transferred along with all the Barzani fighters to a military camp on the Caspian Sea near Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, and was subjected to intensive military training by Azerbaijani officers, and there they were also taught to read and write the Kurdish language by Kurdish officers.

After the deterioration of relations between General Mustafa Barzani and Jafar Baghirov and the appearance of Baghirov's ill intentions and suspicion towards the Barzanis, he was transferred along with all the Barzani fighters on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk complex in the Republic of Uzbekistan, where he was subjected to military training for a second time on a temporary basis.

In March 1949, after the conspiracies of Baghirov and Beria, Stalin's assistant, the Barzani fighters were separated from each other and sent by train in groups to be distributed among the villages, collective farms (kolkhozes), and cooperatives of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and to earn their living, they were subjected to forced labor and hard daily work like German prisoners.

After much effort and sending several letters by General Mustafa Barzani to the Kremlin Palace and the authorities of the Soviet Union, a letter from Barzani finally reached Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union. After the arrival of Barzani's letter, a decision was made by Stalin to form a committee to investigate the situation of the Barzanis, and finally, in 1951, all the Barzanis were gathered together again and settled in the city of Vrevsky on the Black Sea in today's Southern Russia.

After 11 years of staying in the Soviet Union, in 1958, the monarchy in Iraq was overthrown and the country's administrative system was established as a republic headed by Abdul Karim Qasim, and they took power in Iraq. With the coming to power of the republicans, the way for the return of the Barzanis from the Soviet Union was opened, and on April 16, 1959, he returned to Southern Kurdistan along with all the Barzani fighters on the ship Gruziya via the port of Basra.

In 1961, after the deterioration of relations between Barzani and Abdul Karim Qasim and the government's reneging on the promises it had made to the Kurds, the Kurdish national revolution broke out and Mustafa Abdullah joined the ranks of the Peshmerga Forces and participated in the battles. After the failure of the Aylul Revolution he was displaced to the country of Iran. After the resumption of the revolution in Gulan 1976, he joined the ranks of the revolution once again.

He participated in the 1991 uprising of Kurdistan. In recognition of his efforts and hard work for the success of the Kurdistan liberation movement, in 1996, by President Masoud Barzani he was awarded the Barzani the Immortal Medal. On August 8, 2010, he passed away due to illness and was buried in the cemetery of Karkamo village.

Sources:

1-Dangi Peshmerga Magazine, Issue 32, August 31, 2000, Veteran Peshmerga: Interview of Miqdad Shaswari with Mustafa Abdullah, Pirmam, p. 32-33.

2-Dangi Peshmerga Magazine, Issue 148, July 2010, Heroic Peshmerga and old companion of the immortal Barzani (Mustafa Abdullah Karkamoyi) known as (Miste Awla), an example of Peshmerga, resilience, and service to the land and homeland, p. 97.

3-Shawkat Sheikh Yazdin, The Golden Jubilee of the Peshmerga, (Pirmam - Khabat Printing House - 1996), p. 16, 35.

4-Archive of the Kurdistan Democratic Party Encyclopedia Board.