Biography

Muhammad Abdullah Hassan was born in 1923 in the village of Isumara in Mergasor district, Erbil Governorate. Before going to the Soviet Union, he was married.

Struggle Record

In 1945, after the collapse of the Second Barzan Revolution (1943-1945), he was displaced to Eastern Kurdistan (Iran) alongside the fighters and Barzani families. After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad at the beginning of 1946, he became a Peshmerga of the Republic in the Barzan force. After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan in December 1946, alongside the revolutionary army of Barzan led by General Mustafa Barzani, after several battles and struggles against the Imperial Iranian Army, he returned to Southern Kurdistan through the Nazdardagh area at the border triangle of Iran-Iraq-Turkey and settled in the ranks of the army in the Mizuri tribal area.

On May 6, 1947, after the historic decision of General Mustafa Barzani at the Argosh meeting not to surrender to the Iraqi government and to head towards the Soviet Union, he decided to leave alongside the revolutionary army of Barzan with more than five hundred fighters led by General Mustafa Barzani and became one of the companions of Barzani to the Soviet Union. After 28 days of continuous walking through the difficulty and nature of the road and military confrontation with the armies of the three countries of Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, and after their success in the famous battle of the Shutt plain and crossing the Qizildagh bridge in Maku, they finally crossed the Aras River and the border of the Soviet Union on June 18 alongside the Barzani fighters.

After crossing the border, he was transferred by the Soviets along with all the Barzani fighters as prisoners of war to the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan. After Moscow decided to accept the Barzanis as refugees and after the agreement between General Mustafa Barzani and Jafar Baghirov, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, he was transferred along with all the Barzani fighters to a military camp on the Caspian Sea near Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, and was subjected to intensive military training by Azerbaijani officers, and there they were also taught to read and write the Kurdish language by Kurdish officers.

After the deterioration of relations between General Mustafa Barzani and Jafar Baghirov and the appearance of Baghirov's bad intentions and suspicion towards the Barzanis, he was transferred along with all the Barzani fighters on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk community of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and there for the second time, he was temporarily subjected to military training.

In March 1949, after the conspiracies of Baghirov and Beria, Stalin's assistant, the Barzani fighters were separated from each other and distributed by train in groups to the villages and collective farms (Kolkhoz) of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and to earn their living, they were subjected to forced labor and hard daily work like German prisoners.

After a lot of effort and sending several letters by General Mustafa Barzani to the Kremlin Palace and the authorities of the Soviet Union, finally, a letter from Barzani reached Stalin, the President of the Soviet Union. After the arrival of Barzani's letter, Stalin decided to form a committee to investigate the situation of the Barzanis, and finally, for another time in 1951, all the Barzanis were gathered together and settled in the city of Vrevsky on the Black Sea in southern Russia today.

After 11 years of staying in the Soviet Union, in 1958, the monarchy in Iraq was overthrown and the country's management system was established as a republic led by Abd al-Karim Qasim, and they took power in Iraq. With the coming to power of the republicans, the way for the return of the Barzanis from the Soviet Union was opened, and on April 16, 1959, he returned to Southern Kurdistan along with all the Barzani fighters by the ship Georgia via the port of Basra.

In 1961, after the deterioration of relations between Barzani and Abd al-Karim Qasim and the government's reneging on the promises it had made to the Kurds, the Kurdish national revolution broke out, and Muhammad Abdullah Hassan rejoined the Peshmerga forces. After the collapse of the Aylul Revolution in 1975, he was displaced to the country of Iran. After the resumption of the revolution in May 1976, he rejoined the ranks of the revolution. In 1999, he returned to Kurdistan from exile.

Sources:

1- Dengi Peshmerga Magazine, Issue 36, December 30, 2000, Veteran Peshmerga: Interview of Miqdad Shaswari with Muhammad Abdullah Hassan, Darbutke, p. 24.

2- Shawkat Sheikh Yazdin, The Golden Jubilee of the Peshmerga, (Pirmam - Khabat Press - 1996 AD), p. 16, 33.

3- Archive of the Encyclopedia Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party.