Biography

Avdal Miro Antar was born in 1916 in the village of Che, affiliated with the Dereluk sub-district in the Amadiya district of Dohuk province. After returning from the Soviet Union, he was appointed as an employee in the Erbil Agriculture Department in 1959 and was later transferred to the Sulaymaniyah Agriculture Department. He passed away on August 27, 2003.

Struggle Record

With the outbreak of the Second Barzan Revolution in 1943, he joined the ranks of the revolution. For this reason, on August 19, 1945, by order of the Military Tribunal, all his movable and immovable property was seized.

On October 11, 1945, after the defeat of the Second Barzan Revolution, along with Mustafa Barzani and his companions, he crossed into Eastern Kurdistan. After the establishment of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad, on March 31, 1946, he defended the Republic within the framework of the Barzan force.

After the fall of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad and the return of Barzani from Eastern Kurdistan to Southern Kurdistan, he participated in the Battle of Naghadeh and the Battle of Oshnavieh in Eastern Kurdistan. He was also among the Peshmerga who returned to the Shirwan and Mazuri region on April 19, 1947, through (Khwakurk and the Barazgir Plain) via the territory of Northern Kurdistan.

After their return, General Mustafa Barzani held a meeting with his companions on May 6, 1947, in the village of Argosh and gave them the choice to stay or head towards the Soviet Union. There, all the companions decided to continue and go to the Soviet Union. On May 23, 1947, he accompanied General Mustafa Barzani towards the Soviet Union and participated in the Battle of Gali Qotur and the Battle of the Maku Bridge. After much hardship and fatigue, on June 18, 1947, he crossed the Aras River, which lies on the border between Iran and the Soviet Union, into the Soviet Union.

After arriving in the Soviet Union, on June 19, 1947, along with all his companions, he was placed in the city of Nakhchivan in the Republic of Azerbaijan for forty days in an open-air complex surrounded by barbed wire. They were guarded by a group of soldiers and were treated like prisoners of war in terms of food, clothing, and movement. Later, by the decision of the Soviet government, they were distributed among the regions of Aghdam, Lachin, Ayulakh, and Kalbajar in the Republic of Azerbaijan. On December 10, 1947, they were moved to a military camp on the Caspian Sea in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and on the 23rd of the same month, they were given military uniforms and, under the supervision of the officers of the Republic of Azerbaijan, were given eight hours of military training daily. Because he was a teacher of the Kurdish language, he taught Kurdish language lessons to his companions for four hours daily.

After the mistreatment of the companions by Jafar Baghirov, it was decided to move the military camp on August 29, 1948, from the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Charchuk complex near Tashkent, the capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan, where they continued their military training.

In March 1949, along with his companions, they were distributed in groups and squads by train to the collective villages of the Soviet Union and worked on the Kolkhoz farms (lands that people rented back from the government and later gave the government's share back).

After much effort and the sending of several letters by General Barzani to Stalin, a letter finally reached Stalin in which Barzani described the hardships of his companions, and he immediately ordered the formation of a committee to investigate the situation of Barzani's companions. Eventually, the committee's decision was that they should all be gathered in the city of Vrevsky, so he went to the city of Vrevsky in the Soviet Union in November 1951.

In 1958, the Republic of Iraq was established under the presidency of Abdul Karim Qasim. On April 16, 1959, he returned to Kurdistan with his companions on the ship Gruzia via the port of Basra in southern Iraq.

In 1961, he participated in the Aylul Revolution and participated in the battles of Qaradagh, the Battle of Glazard, and the Battle of Piramagrun. After the March 11, 1970 agreement, he became a border guard in the Penjwen region of Sulaymaniyah province, and later in 1974, he was transferred to Zawita in Dohuk province.

 In 1984, his son Kamal joined the ranks of the Peshmerga of the Gulan Revolution, and later the government expelled him from his village. After the Anfal campaign of 1988, Avdal fled as a refugee to the Republic of Turkey and settled in a refugee camp in Mush. He was one of the people who was poisoned with poisonous pills but survived death. In 1992, he returned to Southern Kurdistan, and on August 16, 1996, within the framework of the Golden Jubilee celebrations, for his struggle and resistance in the Second Barzan Revolution, the Republic of Kurdistan, the move to the Soviet Union, and also the Aylul Revolution, he was awarded the Barzani Medal by President Masoud Barzani, but due to a broken leg, he could not be present to receive the Barzani Medal, and Sidad Barzani presented the medal to him through the First Branch.

Sources:
  1. Jamil Khalid Al-Atrushi, With one of the companions of the Barzani march to the former Soviet Union, Khabat Newspaper, Issue 1063, Friday, February 1, 2002.
  2. Hamid Gawhari, The Barzani Medal is the highest honor, Volume One, (Erbil - Haji Hashim Printing House - 2015).
  3. Kurdistan Regional Government, Ministry of Planning, Administrative Units of the Kurdistan Region Provinces and the Number of Families and Population, Erbil, 2009.
  4. Hamid Gardi, Summary of History, First Edition, (Erbil - Aras Printing and Publishing House - Ministry of Education Printing House - 2004).
  5. Haydar Faruq Al-Samarrai, Dia Jafar and his political and economic role in Iraq, (London - Dar Al-Hikma - 2016).
  6. Sha'ban Ali Sha'ban, Some political and historical information, Third Edition, (Erbil - Rojhalat Printing House - 2013).
  7. Shawkat Sheikh Yazdin, The Golden Jubilee of the Peshmerga, (Pirmam - Khabat Printing House - 1996), p. 13.
  8. Salih Yusuf Sufi, Chronology of Kurdistan and the World, First Edition, Volume Two, (Duhok - Duhok Governorate Press - 2013).
  9. Karwan Muhammad Majid, The Barzanis from Mahabad to the Soviet, First Edition, (Sulaymaniyah - Paywand Press - 2011).
  10. Within the framework of the Golden Jubilee celebrations, President Masoud Barzani awards the Barzani Medal to militants and mothers of martyrs, Gulan Magazine, organ of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, Issue 84, Erbil, September 1, 1996.
  11. In the memoir of the martyr commander Haso Mirxan Zhazhoki, 62 Days with Barzani: The Departure of the Barzanis to the Soviet Union, First Edition (Erbil - Roshinbiri Press - 1997).
  12. Masoud Barzani, Barzani and the Kurdish Liberation Movement 1931-1958, (Duhok - Khabat Press - 1998).
  13. Najaf Quli Pesyan, From Bloody Mahabad to the Banks of the Aras, trans. Shawkat Sheikh Yazdin, First Edition, (Pirmam - Golden Jubilee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party - 1996).
  14. A.D.A., File Number AI-10, List of Mustafa Barzani's companions to the Soviet Union, document provided by Sagvan Halo, 2016.
  15. A.D.A., File Number HB-477, Kurdistan Democratic Party, Barzani Headquarters, Barzan Region High Committee, Form of Ahmed Miro Antar (Avdal Miro Antar), Pirmam, November 1, 2018.